Respiration and Crop Productivity

23.06.1989

Englisch

9780387969381

Springer US

Nein

Jeffrey S. Amthor

215

Gebundene Ausgabe

water stress, Assimilat, Phosphor, Cytosol, physiology, temperature, roots, nitrogen

TVB - Agrarwissenschaften TVR - Forstwirtschaft und Waldbau: Praxis und Techniken PST - Botanik und Pflanzenwissenschaften

1 Introduction.- 2 A Functional Model of Respiration.- Two-Component Model.- Compartmental Model.- Extensions of the Two-Component Model.- Translocation Costs.- Implications of the Functional Model.- 3 Biochemistry of Respiration.- Cytosolic Hexose Phosphate Pool.- Glycolysis.- Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway.- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.- Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation.- Alternative Pathway.- Residual Respiration.- Futile Cycles.- Energetic Yield of Respiration.- Respiratory Quotient.- Quantitative Biochemistry.- 4 Physiology of Respiration.- Temperature.- Q10 of Respiration.- Tissue Nitrogen (Protein) Content.- Respiratory Substrate Levels.- Photosynthesis and Light Environment.- Root Respiration.- Growth Rate and Developmental Stage.- Germinating Seeds.- Leaves.- Roots, Stems, and Whole Plants.- Fruiting Bodies.- Effects of Light on Respiration in Photosynthetic Tissue.- Engagement of the Alternative Pathway.- Translocation and Respiration.- Nitrogen Assimilation.- Diurnal Patterns of Respiration.- Carbon Dioxide Concentration.- 5 Crop Growth and Maintenance Respiration.- Methods of Estimating Growth and Maintenance Respiration.- Regression Method.- Starvation Method.- Mature Tissue Method.- Theoretical Method.- Experimental Estimates of Growth and Maintenance Respiration.- Temperature.- Protein Content.- Growth Rate.- Ontogeny.- Comparison of the Experimental Methods.- Relative Importance of Growth and Maintenance Respiration.- Growth and Maintenance Respiration by Harvested Organs.- Comparison of the Two-Component and Compartmental Models.- Differences Between Shoots and Roots.- Respiration for Ion Uptake and Nitrogen Assimilation.- Application to Crop Growth Models.- Existing Models.- 6 Crop Respiration and Growth Efficiency.- Crop Respiration.- Root and Soil Respiration.- Crop Canopy Respiration.- Crop Respiration and Leaf Area Index.- Crop Growth Efficiency.- Measuring Growth Efficiency.- Estimates of Growth Efficiency.- Case Studies: Seed Crops.- Barley.- Maize.- Pea.- Rice.- Soybean.- Wheat.- Case Studies: Nonseed Crops.- Alfalfa (Lucerne).- Cotton.- Potato.- Ryegrass.- 7 Stress and Respiration.- General Principles.- Water Stress.- Salinity.- Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide.- Pests.- Disease.- Insects.- Nematodes.- Summary of Stress Effects on Respiration.- 8 Respiration and Yield.- Slow Respiration and Increased Productivity.- Maintenance Respiration.- Alternative Pathway Activity.- Rapid Respiration and Increased Productivity.- Methods of Improving Respiratory Efficiency.- 9 Summary.- Two-Component Model.- Biochemistry and Physiology.- Stress.- Implications for Improving Productivity.- Conclusions.- Appendix A Physical Constants and Variables.- Appendix B Expression of Respiration and Growth Rates.- Conversion of Growth and Maintenance Coefficients.- Appendix C List of Species.- Appendix D List of Enzymes.- References.

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