Molecular Biology of DNA Methylation

22.11.1985

Englisch

9780387961613

Springer US

Springer Series in Molecular and Cell Biology

Nein

Roger L.P. Adams

257

Gebundene Ausgabe

DNA, Organe, gene expression, eukaryota, base, protein, Nucleotide, transcription, enzymes, proteins, eukaryote, Embryo, fungi, Vivo, molecular mechanisms

PSF - Zellbiologie (Zytologie) PSB - Biochemie PST - Botanik und Pflanzenwissenschaften MKFM - Mikrobiologie und Virologie PSG - Mikrobiologie (nicht-medizinisch)

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Introducing DNA Methylation.- 1.2 Methyl Bases in DNA.- 1.3 Distribution of Methylated Bases.- 2. DNA Methylation in the Cell.- 2.1 The Synthetic Reaction.- 2.2a Timing of Methylation in Prokaryotes.- 2.2b Timing of Methylation in Eukaryotes.- 2.3 De Novo and Maintenance Methylation.- 2.4 Demethylation.- 2.5 Methylation in Isolated Nuclei.- 3. DNA Structure and the Effect of Methylation.- 3.1 Structure of DNA.- 3.2 Z-DNA and Supercoiling.- 3.3 Cytosine Methylation and Z-DNA in Vivo.- 3.4 Z-DNA in Vertebrates.- 3.5 Othc. Effects of Cytosine Methylation on DNA Structure.- 3.6 Effect of Adenine Methylation on DNA Structure.- 4. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine—Donor of Methyl Groups.- 4.1 Intracellular Role and Metabolic Cost.- 4.2 Biosynthesis.- 4.3 Adenosyltransferase and Regulation of Intracellular Concentration.- 4.4 Stability and Its Significance.- 4.5 Analogues.- 4.6 Catabolism.- 5. The Methylation Machinery: DNA Methyltransferases.- 5.1 Prokaryote Methylases.- 5.2 Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases.- 5.3 DNA Methyltransferases in Other Eukaryotes.- 5.4 Inhibitors of DNA Methylation.- 6. The Function of DNA Methylation in Bacteria and Phage.- 6.1 Restriction Modification.- 6.2 dcm and dam Methylation.- 6.3 Modification in Phage mu.- 7. Methylation in Higher Eukaryotes.- 7.1 The Sequence Methylated.- 7.2 Deamination of Methylcytosine.- 7.3 Location of Methylcytosine in Different Compartments.- 7.4 Methylation and Recombination in Eukaryotes.- 8. Methylation and Its Relationship with Transcription.- 8.1 Tissue Variation in the Overall Level of DNA Methylation.- 8.2 Changes in DNA Methylcytosine Content During Embryonic Development.- 8.3 What Really Is the Evidence for an Inverse Correlation Between Methylation and Gene Expression?.- 8.4 Methylation and Expression of Genes Transferred into Animal Cells.- 9. X-Chromosome Inactivation.- 9.1 The Phenomenon.- 9.2 Two Models to Explain X-Chromosome Inactivation.- 9.3 Differential Levels of Methylcytosine in X-Chromosomes.- 9.4 Gene Transfer Experiments.- 9.5 Reactivation with Azacytidine.- 10. DNA Methylation and Cancer.- 10.1 DNA Damage and Methylation.- 10.2 Carcinogens and DNA Methylation.- 10.3 Changes in DNA Methylation Associated with Tumors and Transformed Cells.- 11. Variations on a Theme: Patterns of Methylation in Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Protista.- 11.3 Fungi.- 11.4 Animals Excluding Deuterostomia.- 11.5 Plants.- 11.6 Methylation of Organelle DNA.- 12. Has DNA a Role in the Control of Transcription?.- 12.1 The Dilemma.- 12.2 The Relationship Between Undermethylation and Expression.- 12.3 Three Classes of Genes.- 12.4 Ways in Which a Methylation Pattern May Be Established and Changed.- 12.5 The Relevance of Z-DNA Formation to the Study of Gene Expression.- 12.6 A Role in Determination.- 13. Other Possible Functions of Eukaryotic DNA Methylation.- 13.1 Restriction/Modification.- 13.2 Mismatch Repair.- 13.3 Recombination.- 13.4 Biological Clocks.- 13.5 Initiation of DNA Replication.- 13.6 Chromosome Inactivation.- 14. DNA Methylation in Perspective—A Summing Up.- Appendix Methods of Estimation of Minor Bases in DNA.- A.1 Introduction.- A.2 Isolation and Hydrolysis of DNA.- A.3.1 Base Analysis.- A.3.2 Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analysis.- A.4 Use of Antibodies to Methylcytosine.- A.5 Restriction Enzyme Digestion.- A.6 Nearest Neighbor Analysis.- A.7 Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing.- References.

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