Lipid metabolism in mammals

15.07.1978

Englisch

9781468428346

Springer US

Monographs in Lipid Research

Nein

Fred Snyder

Softcover reprint of the original 1st edition 1977

Taschenbuch

metabolism, Lipid, mammals

PSB - Biochemie

Introduction: General Pathways in the Metabolism of Lipids in Mammalian Tissues.- I. Introduction.- II. Fatty Acids.- A. Oxidative Degradation.- B. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids.- III. Glycerolipids.- A. Biosynthesis of Phosphatidic Acid.- B. Biosynthesis of 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerols and CDP-Diacylglycerols.- C. Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, and Triacylglycerols.- D. Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol, Cardiolipin, and Phosphatidylinositol.- E. Biosynthesis of O-Alkyl- and O-Alk-1?-enyl.- Glycerolipids.- F. Metabolic Reactions Involving the Base Moiety of Phosphoglycerides.- G. Cleavage and Turnover of the Apolar Side Chains of Glycerolipids.- IV. Sphingomyelin.- A. Biosynthesis.- B. Catabolism.- V. Cholesterol.- References.- Liver.- I. Introduction.- II. Fatty Acid Metabolism in Liver.- A. Activation of Fatty Acids.- B. Oxidative Degradation of Fatty Acids.- C. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids.- III. Metabolism of Glycerolipids in the Liver.- A. Biosynthesis of Phosphatidic Acid.- B. Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols and Nitrogenous Phosphoglycerides.- C. Biosynthesis of CDP-Diacylglycerols and Anionic Phosphoglycerides.- D. Exchange of Phospholipids between Subcellular Membranes.- E. Catabolism of Glycerolipids.- IV. The Liver and Plasma Lipoproteins.- A. Formation of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins.- B. Formation of Low-Density Lipoproteins.- C. Formation of High-Density Lipoproteins.- D. Role of the Liver in the Catabolism of Lipoproteins.- E. Role of the Liver in the Catabolism of Chylomicrons.- V. Metabolism of Cholesterol, Bile Acids, and Other Biliary Lipids.- A. Biosynthesis of Cholesterol.- B. Biosynthesis of Bile Acids.- C. Secretion of Bile.- D. Biosynthesis of Biliary Phosphatidylcholine.- E. Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in the Liver.- F. Regulation of Bile Acid Biosynthesis.- VI. Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the Liver.- A. Fatty Liver.- B. Drugs and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism.- VII. Concluding Comments.- References.- Gastrointestinal Tissue.- I. Introduction.- II. Physical-Chemical and Enzymatic Processes Associated with Lipid Digestion and Absorption.- A. Lipolytic Enzymes.- B. Physical-Chemical Changes of Triacylglycerols in the Lumen of the Intestine.- C. Digestion of Phospholipids, Sterols, and Fat-Soluble Vitamins.- III. The Molecular Basis for the Uptake of Lipids by the Intestinal Cell.- IV. Intracellular Metabolism of Lipids in the Intestinal Mucosal Cell.- A. Glycerolipid Biosynthesis.- B. Fatty Acid Activation.- C. Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis in the Intestinal Mucosa.- D. Monoacylglycerol Pathway (Monoglyceride Pathway).- E. Specificity for Monoacylglycerols and Fatty Acids.- F. The Subcellular Localization of the sn-Glycerol-3-P and Monoacylglycerol Pathways in the Intestinal Mucosa.- G. The Regulation of the sn-Glycerol-3-P and Monoacylglycerol Pathways in Lipid Biosynthesis and Their Interrelation.- H. Morphological Studies Regarding the Intracellular Events of Fat Absorption.- I. Fatty Acid Absorption and Protein Synthesis.- J. Intracellular Metabolism of Phosphoglycerides.- K. Cholesterol Absorption.- L. The Metabolism of Other Lipids.- M. Biosynthetic and Regulatory Functions of the Small Intestine.- References.- Blood: Introductory Comments.- Red Blood Cells.- I. Introduction.- II. Erythrocyte Lipid Composition.- A. Lipid Composition.- B. Disposition of the Lipids within the Membrane.- C. Normal Human Erythrocyte Lipid Turnover and Renewal Pathways.- D. Passive Exchange Pathways.- E. Active Incorporation Pathways.- III. Selected Examples of Abnormal Erythrocyte Lipid Turnover Associated with Membrane Instability (Hemolysis).- A. Spur Cell Anemia: A Defect in the Passive Exchange Pathway.- B. High PC Hemolytic Anemia (HPCHA): A Defect in the Active Incorporation Pathway.- IV. Summary.- References.- Plasma Lipoproteins: Structure and Metabolism.- I. Overview.- II. Lipoprotein Structure.- A. Albumin : FFA Complexes.- B. High-Density Lipoproteins.- C. Low-Density Lipoproteins.- D. Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins.- E. Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins.- F. Chylomicrons.- III. Lipoprotein Metabolism.- A. Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism in Plasma.- B. Lipoprotein Synthesis and Secretion.- C. Catabolism of Triacylglycerol-Rich Lipoproteins.- D. Catabolism of HDL and LDL.- References.- White Cells.- I. Introduction.- II. Lipid Composition of Leukocytes.- III. Lipid Biosynthetic Apparatus of Leukocytes.- A. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.- B. Lymphocytes.- C. Monocytes—Macrophages.- IV. Lipid Degradative Apparatus of Leukocytes.- A. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.- B. Macrophages.- C. Lymphocytes.- V. Role of Lipids and Lipid Metabolism in Leukocyte Function.- A. Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes.- B. Lymphocytes.- C. Monocytes—Macrophages.- VI. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Platelet Lipids.- I. Introduction.- II. Fatty Acids and Prostaglandins.- III. Phospholipid Metabolism.- IV. Cholesterol.- V. Glycosphingolipids.- VI. Platelet Lipids and Platelet Function.- References.- Adipose Tissue.- I. Introduction.- II. Fat Uptake.- III. Fat Mobilization.- IV. Lipases.- A. Lipoprotein Lipase.- B. Hormone-Sensitive Lipase.- C. Di- and Monoacylglycerol Lipase.- V. Fat Synthesis.- A. Fatty Acids.- B. Triacylglycerol Synthesis.- VI. Fatty Acid Desaturation.- VII. Cholesterol.- VIII. Fat Compartmentation and Turnover.- IX. Brown Adipose Tissue.- References.- Brain.- I. Introduction.- II. Gylcerophospholipids.- A. General Biosynthetic Pathways.- B. General Degradative Pathways.- C. Metabolism of Individual Phospholipids.- III. Sphingolipids.- A. Biosynthesis of Sphingosine, Ceramide, and Sphingomyelin.- B. Catabolism of Sphingosine, Ceramide, and Sphingomyelin.- C. Biosynthesis of Glycosphingolipids.- D. The Sphingolipidoses and Catabolism of Glycosphingolipids.- IV. Fatty Acids.- V. Fatty Alcohols and Fatty Aldehydes.- VI. Cholesterol Biosynthesis.- References.- Cardiac Muscle.- I. Introduction.- II. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Lipids.- A. Importance of Fatty Acids as Substrates for Energy Formation.- B. Plasma Glycerides: Action of Clearing Factor, Lipoprotein Lipase.- III. Fate of Fatty Acids Presented to the Heart as Free Fatty Acids Complexed to Albumin or as Lipoprotein Triacylglycerols.- A. Free Fatty Acids Bound to Albumin.- B. Esterified Fatty Acids of the Triacylglycerols in the Low-Density Lipoproteins and Chylomicrons of Plasma.- IV. Catabolism of Fatty Acids.- A. Carnitine and Fatty Acid Metabolism.- B. Oxidation.- C. Metabolism of Unusual Fatty Acids.- V. Importance of Ketone Bodies as Substrates for Energy Production.- VI. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis.- VII. Biosynthesis of Neutral Glycerides and Phospholipids.- VIII. Enzymes Involved in the Reduction of Free Fatty Acids to Fatty Aldehydes and Fatty Alcohols.- IX. Basal Oxygen Consumption.- X. Oxygen Lack and Its Effect on Fatty Acid Metabolism.- XI. Summary.- References.