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1.3 μm Distributed-Feedback Lasers and Electro-Absorption Modulators based on (InGa)As Quantum Dots

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1.3 μm Distributed-Feedback Lasers and Electro-Absorption Modulators based on (InGa)As Quantum Dots

Mirko Stubenrauch (Unbekannter Einband, Englisch)

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Optischer Zustand

Beschreibung

The fast development in the field of optical data communication and the exponential growth of transmitted data require continuously new devices and modulation concepts. In the framework of this thesis, three different In(Ga)As quantum dot (QD) based photonic devices, all operating in the 1.31 μm wavelength range for transmission distances up to 100 km, and their suitability for several modulation formats are investigated: QD distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers, QD electro-absorption modulators (EAMs), and their monolithic integration into an electro-absorption modulated laser (EML). These devices benefit from the advantages of QDs as gain medium that have been demonstrated within the last two decades in different laser structures. The epitaxial and horizontal chip parameters are designed based on several simulations of static and dynamic device properties. Accordingly, the wafers are grown and processed. For the DFB lasers, static waveguide and DFB grating simulations as weil as epitaxial growth conditions lead to the introduction of lnGaP as upper cladding material and as barrier between waveguide and grating. The laser dynamics are simulated by means of a semi-microscopic rate equation model for prediction of the large-signal behavior under on-off-keying (OOK) and four level amplitude modulation (PAM-4). Their suitability for applications beyond 10 Gb/s is shown. Based on QD energy state simulations under an applied external electrical field and the subsequent red shift of up to 15 nm, the suitability of QDs in EAMs is predicted. The fundamental development of such EAM and DFB devices requires extensive optimization and developments processes in epitaxial design, wafer processing, and chip fabrication and are described in this work. Especially, the grating fabrication and the subsequent epitaxial overgrowth are challenging. A measurement setup for complete device characterization is realized and ensures a high measurement stability. In the framework of this thesis, one of the first purely index-coupled QD lasers with buried DFB grating is fabricated. The 27% differential quantum effi.ciency, the 60 dB side-mode suppression ratio at wavelengths around 1.31 μm, and line widths of 5 MHz completely fulfill all static requirements of optical networks. Due to the typical broadened gain spectrum of QDs, a 60 nm wavelengths range, almost the whole 0-Band, is covered by identical gain material. Extensive large-signal experiments under application of simple and higher order modulation formats lead to several record results for QD DFB lasers. The so far highest transmission data rate of 15 Gb/s under OOK modulation is presented. For the first time PAM-4 signal transmission by a QD DFB laser is demonstrated, achieving a data rate of 16 Gb/s. Operating the QD DFB laser in gain saturation regime, a 10 Gb/s pure differential phase shift keying (DPSK) signal is generated and transmitted without errors also for the first time. Furthermore, the QD DFB laser emission will be modulated in a differential quadrature PSK (DQPSK) format. Error-free data transmission rates up to 80 Gb/s are demonstrated. The waveguide simulations for the QD DFB laser allow to present a novel concept for THz-signal generation. Stahle dual-mode operation with a mode distance of 0.33 THz of a single DFB laser is shown. The QD EAM, developed in this work, achieves an extinction ratio of 17 dB. For the first time dynamic investigations are performed on such a device, resulting in a large-signal transmission at 12.5 Gb/s. The monolithic integration of both devices, QD DFB and EAM, results in the first QD EML. Whereas the achieved data rate of 6 Gb/s under electro-absorption modulation is relative low due to optical feedback effects, the operation as passive feedback laser (PFL) leads to data rates up to 20 Gb/s. The suitability of QD DFB lasers for optical signal processing is investigated. In four-wave mixing (FWM) experiments under optical injection, wavelength conversion across 6 nm with an efficiency of -30 dB is demonstrated. Whereas large-signal conversion in such QD lasers by means of FWM is not possible, signal conversion at 10 Gb/s across 1.6 nm using cross gain modulation (XGM) is presented for the first time. Weniger zeigen

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Produktinformationen

Technische Daten

Erscheinungsdatum

30.12.2017

Sprache

Englisch

EAN

9783863878634

Herausgeber

Mensch & Buch

Sonderedition

Nein

Autor

Mirko Stubenrauch

Seitenanzahl

148

Auflage

Einbandart

Unbekannter Einband

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