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Untersuchungen zu den Konzentrationen an Mengen- und Spurenelementen beim Rind in verschiedenen Probenmedien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kotproben

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Untersuchungen zu den Konzentrationen an Mengen- und Spurenelementen beim Rind in verschiedenen Probenmedien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Kotproben

Andrea Herold (Unbekannter Einband, Deutsch)

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Beschreibung

- Investigation of mineral- and trace element-concentrations in cattle in different sample media with emphasis on fecal analysis - Minerals and trace elements have to be supplied for maintaining animal welfare and high performance. An oversupply should be avoided due to potential negative effects on animal health and the environment. An accurate assessment of the nutritional status is difficult; however, it is necessary for optimization of feed rations. Although feed analyses reveal element concentrations, variations in nutrient availability and antagonisms are not reflected. The complexity continues with elementspecific patterns of absorption, distribution and excretion. The accuracy of results depends on the selection of the ideal sample medium or a combination thereof. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of feces as sample material for the evaluation of mineral and trace element supply in cattle. For this purpose, fecal elementconcentrations are compared with those in other sample media. Furthermore, the utility of various media in the evaluation of nutritional status is evaluated. In a first step, samples (feces, blood, urine, hair) from up to 10 cows in the close-up (3 – 0 wks a. p.) and high-performance (15. – 18. and 6. – 20. wks p. p.) group were collected during 73 investigations at 63 dairy farms. Pool samples were then formed from the individual samples of each lactation group and the concentrations of the minerals Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S and the trace elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Mo were determined with ICP-OES or ICP-MS. Furthermore, TMR was analyzed. Additionally, feces from mother cows during grazing and housing period were evaluated. In this study, minerals and trace element concentrations analyzed in feed samples were sufficiently high to meet the nutritional requirements. However, concentrations tended to exceed requirements in various feed samples. Adequate supply with minerals and trace elements results in adequate concentrations in the sample media, except for manganese. Despite the sufficient concentrations in feed, manganese concentrations in blood and hair are below the reference values. This is in agreement with the literature and shows the insufficient knowledge about diagnosis of nutritional status of manganese. The majority of minerals and trace elements described in this study are underlying endogenous and exogenous influences. Zinc, selenium and molybdenum are three elements out of twelve that do not show seasonal variation or lactation dynamics. Based on the present data, reference ranges for fecal concentrations of each element were determined. Taking into account that element concentrations in feed samples are partly exceeding recommended allowances, one has to assume that fecal reference ranges are partially overestimated. The analysis of fecal magnesium and calcium concentrations to evaluate nutritional status can be used as an alternative for feed analysis. The assessment of phosphorus status requires a combination of a number of substrates like feed, serum and urine. Urine magnesium concentrations are conclusive regarding nutritional supply of magnesium Furthermore, urine can be used to evaluate nutritional supply of potassium, sodium and sulfur. For trace element concentrations, fecal iron concentrations correlate well with concentrations in feed. Further investigations of hematological parameters are needed beyond serum or plasma iron concentration for a precise description of iron status. Fecal copper concentrations provide information about copper intake with the feed. In addition, they can help to diagnose copper deficiency and thereby be the starting point for further analysis. For determination of the copper status, plasma reflects current status whereas whole blood and hair analysis can be used to evaluate long-term nutritional supply. Zinc concentrations in feces reflect the intake with the feed. A combination of several sample media for the diagnosis of zinc status is advisable. Fecal selenium concentrations best reflect feed intake among all sample media. Depending on the period of interest, serum, plasma, whole-blood or hair analysis are suitable for assessment of short-term or long-term selenium status. Investigation of manganese concentrations in feces is suitable for evaluation of intake with the feed. However, fecal manganese concentrations are a result of the combination of nutritional supply and metabolic processes. Furthermore, seasonal variations affecting fecal concentration need to be further evaluated. Risk of molybdenum oversupply can be assessed by analysis of feces as fecal concentration reflects feed concentrations. Hair analyses are suitable for evaluation of chronic oversupply as well. These results indicate that fecal concentration of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium as well as of trace elements are best suited to reflect the feed intake when compared to other substrates. Fecal analysis of these elements can therefore be applied as an alternative to feed analysis. Nevertheless, assessment of mineral and trace element status only on the basis of fecal contents is insufficient. Concentrations of elements have to be evaluated with a combination of different sample media for this purpose. In case of zinc and manganese, fecal concentrations provide information about trace element intake with feed and the level of nutritional status. Weniger zeigen

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Produktinformationen

Technische Daten

Erscheinungsdatum

01.12.2017

Sprache

Deutsch

EAN

9783863878450

Herausgeber

Mensch & Buch

Sonderedition

Nein

Autor

Andrea Herold

Seitenanzahl

198

Auflage

Einbandart

Unbekannter Einband

Einbandart Details

Laminiert

Schlagwörter

magnesium, manganese, Spurenelemente, fecal composition, cattle, phosphorus, selenium, Rind, trace elements, molybdenum, minor elements, zinc, copper, calcium

Thema-Inhalt

MZD - Tiermedizin: Groß- und Nutztiere MZL - Tierernährung

Thema-Zusatz

für die Erwachsenenbildung, für die Hochschulausbildung

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