Illumination and Color in Computer Generated Imagery

13.12.1988

Englisch

9780387967745

Springer US

Monographs in Visual Communication

Nein

Roy Hall

282

Gebundene Ausgabe

shading, reflection, computer graphics, clipping, ray tracing, calibration, rendering, algorithms, simulation

UML - Grafikprogrammierung UYT - Bildverarbeitung UYQV - Maschinelles Sehen, Bildverstehen

1.0 Introduction.- 1.1 Intent and Overview.- 1.2 The Process of Creating Images.- 1.3 Representation or Simulation of Reality.- 2.0 The Illumination Process.- 2.1 Light and Materials.- 2.2 Background Optics and Physics.- 2.2.1 Vector Notation.- 2.2.2 The Wave Nature of Light.- 2.2.3 Illuminating Hemisphere and Solid Angle.- 2.2.4 Intensity and Energy.- 2.2.5 Reflection and Refraction.- 2.2.6 Geometry of a Surface.- 2.2.7 Geometric Attenuation.- 2.3 Surface Illumination.- 2.3.1 Coherent Illumination.- 2.3.2 Incoherent Illumination.- 2.3.2.1 Incoherent Mechanism.- 2.3.2.2 Microfacet Distribution.- 2.3.2.3 Computing Incoherent Illumination.- 2.3.2.4 Ideal Diffuse Illumination.- 2.3.3 Emissive Illumination.- 2.3.4 A Generalized Illumination Expression.- 3.0 Perceptual Response.- 3.1 Describing Color.- 3.2 Colorimetry.- 3.3 Colorimetry and the RGB Monitor.- 3.4 Alternate Color Representations.- 3.5 Color Spaces for Color Computation.- 3.5.1 Computation in RGB.- 3.5.2 Spectral Sampling Approaches.- 3.5.3 Sources of Confusion.- 4.0 Illumination Models.- 4.1 Shading and Illumination Basics.- 4.1.1 Starting from the Eye.- 4.1.2 Starting from the Light.- 4.1.3 Combined Techniques.- 4.2 Incremental Shading, Empirical Models.- 4.2.1 Diffuse Illumination.- 4.2.2 Atmospheric Attenuation.- 4.2.3 Specular Highlights.- 4.2.4 Geometric Smoothing.- 4.3 Ray Tracing, Transitional Models.- 4.3.1 Improved Specular Reflection.- 4.3.2 Macroscopic Surface Properties.- 4.3.3 Recursive Reflection and Refraction.- 4.3.4 Distributed Ray Tracing.- 4.4 Radiosity, Analytical Models.- 4.4.1 An Energy Equilibrium Illumination Model.- 4.4.2 Radiosity for Diffuse Environments.- 4.4.3 Radiosity for Specular Environments.- 4.5 Hybrid Techniques.- 4.5.1 View Independent Illumination.- 4.5.2 View Dependent Illumination.- 4.6 Visual Comparison.- 4.7 Summary.- 5.0 Image Display.- 5.1 Image File Considerations.- 5.1.1 Color Correction for Display.- 5.1.2 Gamma Correction for Display.- 5.1.3 Color Clipping and Compressing for Display.- 5.1.4 Image Dither and Patterning.- 5.2 NTSC and RGB Video.- 5.3 Video Setup for Image Display.- 5.4 Monitor Alignment and Calibration.- 5.5 NTSC Limitations.- 5.6 Black and White Display.- Appendix I Terminology.- Appendix II Controlling Appearance.- II.1 Surface Character.- II.1.1 Dielectric Materials.- II.1.2 Conductive Materials.- II.1.3 Composite Materials.- II.1.4 Using Published Spectral Data.- II.2 Surface Finish.- Appendix III Example Code.- III.1 Geometric Utilities.- III.1.1 Code Summary.- III.1.2 Code Source.- III.2 Hemispherical Integrator.- III.2.1 Code Summary.- III.2.2 Code Source.- III.3 Geometric Attenuation.- III.3.1 Code Summary.- III.3.2 Code Source.- III.4 Microfacet Distributions.- III.4.1 Code Summary.- III.4.2 Code Source.- III.5 Fresnel Approximation.- III.5.1 Approximation Methodology.- III.5.2 Code Summary.- III.5.3 Code Source.- III.6 Illumination Models.- III.6.1 Illuminated Surface Description.- III.6.2 Code Summary.- III.6.3 Code Source.- III.7 Color Transformation.- III.7.1 Material Data.- III.7.2 Code Summary.- III.7.3 Code Source.- III.8 Spectral Sampling.- III.8.1 Code Summary.- III.8.2 Code Source.- III.9 RGB Color Cupping.- III.9.1 Code Summary.- III.9.2 Code Source.- Appendix IV Radiosity Algorithms.- IV.1 Pseudocode Definition.- IV.2 Hemi-cube Form Factors.- IV.3 Specular Radiosity.- IV.4 Hybrid Form Factors.- Appendix V Equipment Sources.- References.

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