… Roger Penrose revolutionized General Relativity in 1965, introducing new powerful topological techniques to study the singularity problem. With his younger colleague Stephen Hawking, he developed the famous singularity theorems: if General Relativity is true, there must be a space-time singularity in the past (the Big Bang), and there must be singularities in the future (black holes). Then, Penrose also made fundamental contributions to quantum theory, proposing that the (spontaneous) collapse of the wave function is due to gravitational interaction. Experiments are designed in these years to verify this hypothesis. In the early 1990s, he tackled the problem of consciousness, finding evidence for the non-algorithmic nature of the mind and therefore its non-reproducibility on a machine. Among the many prizes, he received the Wolf Prize, the Dirac Medal, and the Nobel Prize for Physics 2020.
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